Trouble & Attitude 1/Trouble and Attitude - Issue 01.iso/pc/pctext/almn2.txt

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COLOMBIA: DAS - Administrative Department of Security
- the secret police of Colombia with responsibility
for combatting drug trafficking, the leftist
insurgencies and the rightist death squads. The DAS's
expedient use of the Cali narcotrafficantes to
decimate the MedellÆn cartel in the 1991-1993 period
has allowed the Cali cartel to assume the leadership
of the drug export business.

CUBA; DGI - General Directorate of Intelligence -
Cuba's foreign intelligence service. The DGI
operationally is under Ministry of Interior (MININT)
and First Vice Minister for Security, with the DGI
chief's rank being vice minister. Its many notable
successes include multiple and simultaneous
penetrations of the CIA using "dangle" agents. It
would appear that virtually every Cuban citizen the
American CIA thought was working for them during the
1960s, 1970s, and 1980s - and very likely even now -
were under DGI career spies or individuals coopted by
Havana. The DGI chief in the 1960s, Manuel Pineiro
Losada, known for his coloring as Barbarossa [Red
Beard], was shifted to command Cuba's other foreign
intelligence service, the Americas Department of the
Cuban Communist Party Central Committee.
        DGI and Americas Department personnel are
highly interchangeable. The difference is that
revolutionary armed struggle in the Western Hemisphere
was run from the party's Americas Department to give
the illusion of separation from the government should
captured guerrillas and terrorists talk. In cases like
Mexico, where Castro was on especially good terms with
the government and valuable trade and political ties
were at risk, Cuba would shunt revolutionary trainees
to cut-outs like the Soviet Union, North Korea and
Nicaragua for training.DIM - Military Intelligence
Directorate - of Cuba. DSE - Department of State
Security - Cuba's provincial-level secret police.

CYPRUS: KIP - Cyprus Intelligence Service.

CZECH REPUBLIC and SLOVAKIA: BIS - Security
Information Service - counterintelligence service of
the Czech Republic; the only one of the four Czech
intelligence services answerable to the parliament.
Formed in December 1992, before the separation of the
Czech Republic and Slovakia, from the division of the
Federal Security Information Service (FBIS). Czech
democrats accuse the revamped security service of
continuing former State Security Service secret police
work. The director from December 1992 through August
1993 was Stanislav Devaty.CZS -Czechoslovak
Intelligence Service, replaced StB after the collapse
of the Communist system in the Velvet Revolution of
November 1989. One of the four Czech intelligence
services formed after the collapse of the Communist
government along with the BIS [counterintelligence];
military intelligence and military
counterintelligence.
 FMV - Federal Ministry of the
Interior - The Czech Republic internal security
ministry, currently under Jan Ruml. Also known as the
MV.FSZS - Federal Directorate of Intelligence Services
- the Czech Republic's central intelligence
organization.ÆMBV - Local Security Committee - part of
the former Czech secret police network.NVB - National
Security Board - the coordinating body for Czech
intelligence.ObZ - Counterintelligence - Czech
Republic.RNB - Reditelstvi NçrodnÆ Bezpecnosti -
National Security Directorate of Czech Republic.RNB -
National Security Directorate of Slovakia.SB - State
Security - Slovakia's secret police.SNB - National
Security Corps, Czechoslovak internal security
unit.StB - State Security Service, Czechoslovakia's
foreign intelligence service. Reorganized in 1990 as
the CZS.SVKR - Military Counterintelligence
Headquarters - Czech Republic.UIS - Central
Information Service - of the Czech Republic.UNB -
National Security Office - of the Czech Republic.USB -
State Security Headquarters - Slovakia.VKR - Military
Counterintelligence. The VKR was part of the Interior
Ministry until reorganization in 1990. The military
counterintelligence authority was given to the army
and the name changed to Military Defense Intelligence
(VOZ). In August 1993, the VOZ director, Colonel of
the General Staff Petr Luzny, maintained that not a
single KGB or GRU agent had been found in the VOZ.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: DNS - National Directorate of
Security - Dominican Republic.

EGYPT: GIA - General Intelligence Agency. The GIA was
set up in the 1950s with the help of former Nazis
working for General Reinhard Gehlen. The GIA is
responsible only to the president, and has almost
unlimited powers. It carries out both espionage and
counter-espionage and in some cases police work.
Working alongside it - and sometimes in competition
with it - is another organization, Mahabes el-Aam, the
Secret Police, which comes under the Ministry of the
Interior and deals with internal and political
security.Egypt's Mukhabarat has a reputation for
torture and cruelty and remains a potent force inside
Egypt, if not in the world outside.
        It is noted that a degree of cooperation
exists between the GIA and the FBI as shown by the use
of the FBI of a GIA officer as a central informant in
the on-going prosecution conspirators related to the
World Trade Center bombing case in New York City.

FRANCE: DGSE - Directorate General for External
Security - the French foreign intelligence service.
Prior to reorganization ordered by President Franìois
Mitterrand in 1981, the DGSE was called the SDECE - a
barely pronounceable acronym even in French. Its
headquarters are in a disused barracks in Boulevard
Mortier, Paris, near a municipal swimming pool, giving
rise to the word piscine being used as a slightly
pejorative nickname for the service. The DGSE is an
intensely political organization that because of
changing national directives has been embroiled in a
number of scandals of typical French complexity.The
DGSE has the awesome responsibility for guarding the
French investment in America - rumored to be in the
region of $13 trillion - mainly in electronics, space
engineering and telecommunications.
        By reputation, the DGSE has an aggressive
collection program that extends to such James
Bond-style escapades as downloading the hard drives
and diskettes of business executives traveling in
France, rummaging through their checked luggage at
airports, stealing brief cases carried by business
executives flying on Air France and photocopying the
contents and installing microphones in the headrests
of Air France's trans-Atlantic flights. The DGSE was
the lead agency in the 1985 in the surveillance of the
organization Greenpeace, then attempting to disrupt
French nuclear tests in the Pacific. The DGSE campaign
led to the sinking of the Greenpeace ship, Rainbow
Warrior, capture of two French intelligence officers
and considerable embarrassment to the French
government.
 DST - Directorate for Territorial
Surveillance - French internal security and
counterintelligence. The DST, like its sister service,
the DGSE, is often involved in politics. It is largely
composed of ex-police officers. The DST is the lead
organization in France's internal efforts in detecting
and arresting foreign spies in France and in dealing
with subversion and counterterrorism. In recent years
the DST, under the Interior Ministry, has taken a lead
against Islamic political extremists and terrorism in
France. DST also employs the resources of the
Renseignements Generaux, another police service, which
keeps track of foreigners, political and labor union
militants.

GERMANY: EASTHVA - Main Reconnaissance Administration.
Founded in 1952 as part of the MfS under the
semi-legendary Communist spymaster, Markus "Mischa"
Wolf, who led the HVA until his retirement in 1987,
the HVA penetrated the highest echelons of West German
government and intelligence. HVA agent Gƒnther
Guillaume became the private secretary and political
confidant of Chancellor Willy Brandt. Guillaume's
arrest in 1974 forced Brandt's resignation. Noting the
large number of unmarried secretaries, women in their
thirties and forties, working for top NATO,
intelligence and government officials, Wolf organized
seductions by HVA officers - and endless secrets
flowed to East Berlin - even from the desk of
Chancellor Helmut Kohl.
        Examination of HVA archives (not all were
spirited to Moscow) led to the arrests of the HVA spy
ring in NATO codenamed "TOPAZ." Its leaders,
Ann-Christine Rupp and Rainer Rupp, were convicted by
a German court in November 1994.
        MfS - Ministry for State Security, East
Germany; headed by Erich Mielke; dissolved with
unification in October 1990. The HVA and SSD were
divisions of the MfS. The Mfs played a major role in
providing support services during the 1970s and 1980s
to Mideastern and international terrorist
organizations.SSD - State Security Service, East
Germany's secret police; known as the Stasi. Since
unification of Germany in October 1990, some Stasi
agents have been arrested and charged. There is no
amnesty for those who worked for East Germany.

GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC: BfV - Federal Office for
the Protection of the Constitution - West German
counterintelligence agency. The BfV has uncovered more
than eighty East German spies in the West since
unification. The agency also is responsible for
investigating terrorists and political extremists.BKA
- Federal Office of Criminal Investigation - carries
out the criminal investigation and collection of
evidence to bring counterintelligence and security
cases to court for prosecution. In the United States,
the FBI is responsible for both counterintelligence
investigations, which are informational in purpose and
thus may never come to a trial, and the criminal
investigation function of the BKA.BND - Federal
Intelligence Service - [West] German foreign
intelligence, founded after World War II by Reinhard
Gehlen.
 The BfV, BKA and BND are coordinated from
the office of the German Chancellor. Early in October
1993, Minister of the Chancellery in charge of
coordinating the German intelligence services Bernd
Schmidbauer and Eckart Werthebach, the BfV president,
received Iranian Intelligence and Security Minister
Ali Fallahian-Khuzestani in Bonn for a "working
visit." This brought an interagency feud because
Fallahian's ministry directs the Islamic Republic of
Iran's foreign intelligence service, known as SAVAMA.
The BKA linked Iranian intelligence operatives to the
assassinations on September 17, 1992, of four
anti-Tehran leaders of the Democratic Party of
Kurdistan in Iran, including the party's secretary
general Sadeq Sharafkandi, while they were meeting for
dinner in the Mykonos restaurant in Berlin during a
conference of the Socialist International. The trial
commenced just as Fallahian paid his call. Shortly
after Fallahian's red-carpet treatment in Bonn, the
BKA leaked a copy of its report, "Overview of Danger
in Iran: Activities of the Iranian Intelligence
Service in Europe." Apparently, Fallahian was offering
a trade: a reduced sentence of dismissal or charges
for his hit-men in exchange for Iranian purchases of
German goods.

GREECE: IPA - Protective Security Service of
Greece.KIP - Central Intelligence Service of
Greece.KIPE - Central Radio Monitoring Service.KIPE -
Central Information and Investigation Service, Greek
internal security.SPA - Intelligence and Security
Council.

HAITI: SID - Service d'Information et de Documentation
- Information and Documentation Service - Haiti.

HUNGARY:AVB - Hungary's State Security Service;
formerly known as the AVH and AVO. Reorganized in
February 1990 under Colonel Istvan Dercze into Office
for Constitutional Protection, using the name
patterned on the West German security service to
indicate a break with the communist Hungarian
Socialist Workers Party (MSZMP). Hungarian foreign
intelligence became the National Security Office,
headed from 1990 to March 1992 by Andras Galszecsy.
The nominee to replace him, Ambassador to Germany
Attila Csenger-Zalan, resigned and declined after
newspapers reported he was tried for causing a fatal
traffic accident in 1989. The old AVB III/I Main
Directorate [budget $18 million] handled foreign
intelligence, the III/III Main Directorate internal
security. The AVP played an important role in training
and harboring international terrorists during the
1970s and 1980s.AVH - State Security Authority of the
Hungarian Ministry of the Interior from the late 1940s
until the 1956 Hungarian revolution. The AVH replaced
the AVO (Magyar Allamrendorseg) Allamvedelmi Osztalya
[State Security Department (of the Hungarian State
Police). In common usage, the two acronyms were used
intrchangeably.

INDIA: RAW - India's Research and Analysis Wing -
Pakistan's enemy number one. RAW played a major role
in December 1994 in uncovering a case of sexual
entrapment by female spies, sale of secret information
on rocket engines and missile programs for large sums
of money, and a spate of arrests. This all happened in
Trivandrum, capital of the southern state of Kerala
where the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)
has its headquarters. A young women from the Maldives
was arrested for a very minor visa offense. Allegedly,
she told investigators that Dr. D. Sasikumaran, 55, a
deputy director of ISRO, would vouch for her. The
police called in counterintelligence experts.
Questioned by the RAW officers, Sasikumaren provided
sufficient details of the lurid relationship to bring
about the arrest of a second, older Maldivian woman as
she was trying to leave the country, another ISRO
deputy director named Nambi Narayanan and the local
agent of the Russian space company Giavkosmos, Dr. K.
Chandrasekharan. The investigation continues. In this
case, Pakistan is the "usual suspect."

IRAN: IRGC - The Pasdaran [Guards] have units engaged
in both political and military intelligence. The IRGC
also is linked to technology acquisitions. A special
operations unit known as Al-Qods Forces [Al-Qods is
the Arabic for Jerusalem] is suspected of having
provided the hit-team that killed former Prime
Minister Shahpour Bakhtiar and an aide in their
suburban Paris home in August 1991. The killing of
leading exiles is believed to be approved by Iran's
Higher Security Council. Members of the Council
include President Hashemi-Rafsanjani, Minister of
Intelligence and Security Ali Fallahian-Khuzestani,
Majlis, Speaker Mehdi Mahdaui Karrubi and Ahmad
Khomeini, the late ayatollah's son.
        The IRGC intelligence section, headed by a
mullah named Sa'edi, has been suspected of involvement
in supporting the Lockerbie bombing in December 1988.
Also allegedly involved in assassination operations
against political exiles is the shadowy Organization
of the Revolution.SAVAK - Iranian Security and
Intelligence Organization - the intelligence of the
Shah of Iran. The name was changed to SAVAMA under
Ayatollah Khomeini's regime. SAVAMA reports to the
Ministry of Intelligence and Security (VEVAK), headed
by Ali Fallahian-Khuzestani.IRAQMukharabat [Listening
Post].
 Iraq's intelligence service is
euphemistically called the Public Relations Bureau. It
was established soon after the Ba'ath Party seized
control in 1968 and it controls all aspects of
political, military and economic life and carries out
intelligence and other operations abroad. In 1973, a
secret pact between Baghdad and Moscow was concluded
under which Iraq's internal security was reorganized
on KGB lines and Iraqi security officers were trained
in KGB and GRU schools in Russia. In return, the
Public Relations Bureau provided assistance to Soviet
missions where it was difficult for the Russians to
operate.

ISRAEL: AMAN - Intelligence Wing - the Israeli Defense
Force (IDF) intelligence arm. Formed in 1948 from the
Information Service (acronym Shai) of the Haganah, the
Defense Force formed before partition by the Jews of
Palestine.LAKAM - Science Liaison Bureau - a top
secret Israeli intelligence unit whose principal
responsibility was gaining access to nuclear weapons
technology. LAKAM's existence was uncovered with the
arrest in 1986 of Jonathan Pollard, an American Jew
working for the Naval Investigative Service (NIS) in
Washington. LAKAM was abolished because of the
scandal.  Pollard volunteered to spy for Israel.
Pollard had an active fantasy life and wanted to be a
spy since college. He was rejected by the CIA as
"unreliable" but held a courier's job at NIS that
allowed him access to many documents and gave him an
excuse for removing documents. Pollard's offer was
shuffled around Israel's intelligence services until
LAKAM chief Rafi Eitan took it up. Pollard and his
wife were well paid. Though the Pollards were paid
some $2,500 a month in addition to their normal
income, they had no rich bank accounts or possessions.
Published reports indicated extensive crack cocaine
use by both Pollards at parties. Apparently their
Israeli spying money went up in smoke. They were
preparing to sell secrets also to China when
arrested.Their public flight to the Israeli Embassy
for asylum [they were expelled and arrested after the
Israeli government decided to cut its losses] and the
vast amount of information Pollard betrayed caused a
bitter rupture in relations between Israel and the
U.S. intelligence community. A little polite snooping
by an ally is one thing, dealt with when it becomes
irritating with a note to the effect that "Your man is
causing an embarrassment," followed by his or her
withdrawal. Wholesale theft and disclosure of
identities of American counterterrorism agents in the
Mideast is something else.
        As for the argument that it is not serious if
one is spying for an ally, one goes back to first
principles. Every country has its own agenda. Once a
secret is divulged to another government, it may be
traded or sold to a third party. The spy has no
control over how the information he or she discloses
will be used. Last March, despite intense lobbying by
Israel's Prime Minister and some Americans for a
presidential pardon, President Clinton acceded to the
recommendations of the Justice Department, Defense
Department and CIA that clemency be denied Pollard.
        MOSSAD -The Institute for Intelligence and
Special Operations - Mossad [the Institute] is
Israel's foreign intelligence service. It developed a
tremendous mys tique in the 1970s and 1980s. Criticism
began for such failures as the mistaken assassinations
of a Moroccan waiter in Lillehammer, Norway, in 1973.
The waiter was thought to be Fatah special operations
commander Ali Hassan Salameh, the "Red Prince" of the
"417" of "Force 17" unit. Norwegian police arrested
six members of the support and surveillance team.
Other actions, like the 1988 raid in Tunis in which
the PLO commander called Abu Jihad was killed, were
condemned in the West. More recently, Mossad has been
under fire for not being able to prevent the bombings
of Israeli embassies and Jewish charities in Buenos
Aires and London. Only a lucky traffic accident
prevented a truck-bomb attack on the Israeli Embassy
in Bangkok in March 1994.
        Shin Bet - General Security Service - Israel's
internal security service. Responsible for guarding
against terrorist attacks, it has developed a
reputation for ruthless illegal behavior such as the
killing of captives and perjury as documented in the
Landau Commission report in 1987. Shin Bet is the
target of many complaints of human rights abuses.

ITALY: SID - Defense Intelligence Service of Italy,
name changed to SISMI.SIE - Army Intelligence Service
of Italy.SIFA- Armed Forces Intelligence Service of
Italy.SISMI - Intelligence and Military Security
Service - Italy's military intelligence, named changed
from SID. Watchword of Italy's intelligence services
is "SS" - the abbreviation for "segretissimo" [top
secret].

JAMAICA: DISIP - Directorate of Intelligence and
Prevention Services, Jamaica's all-purpose
intelligence department.

JAPAN: Japan has five major intelligence
organizations, all of which are governed by a separate
Cabinet ministry, making it difficult to coordinate
collections and operations. These are:
Naicho - the Bureau of Investigation and Information -
a group of some 500 experts and analysts working in a
small building near the residence of the prime
minister, to whom the Naicho reports. It has no
"action service" but rather focuses on providing
information and analysis to its governmental
customers.
Defense Agency - has a special bureau that
operates electronic intelligence complexes in
Wakkanai, in the extreme north, where interest focuses
on the Russian fortress of Vladivostok and closer
bases in the Kuriles.Foreign Ministry - has its own
Bureau of Intelligence and Analysis.
Koanbu - The Public Security Bureau of the police is
responsible for counterintelligence and
counterterrorism.Koanchosa-cho - Agency for
Investigating Public Security - is under the Justice
Ministry and has between 6,000 and 8,000 employees in
offices across the country.
MITI - Ministry of International Trade and Industry.
Omitted from public discussion in Japan of its
intelligence and security constellation is its
brightest star, MITI, whose industrial espionage
activities are considered by Japanese officials to be
potentially embarrassing and thus extremely sensitive.
The reason is that MITI's targets are not so much
declared or probable enemies like China, North Korea
or Russia, but political allies and major trading
partners among the industrialized Western democracies.
According to Western sources, MITI operates the most
comprehensive network of industrial espionage agents
in the world, often in consort with various Japanese
industries to whom it feeds high-technologies obtained
via subterfuge and stratagem. Japan recently announced
it would seek to develop enhanced computer security.
This is prompted by the discovery that personal
computers emit electromagnatic waves as keys are
struck and these can be intercepted by ELINT antennas.

KAZAKHSTAN: KNB - Committee for National Security of
Kazakhstan - was formed on June 20, 1992. The KNB
leadership includes chairman Sat Tokpakbayev and
deputy chairmen (ethnic Russians) Leonid Dagayev and
Yuri Serebryakov. Following Moscow's lead, the KNB has
a public relations department headed by Karabi
Mukhanbetkaliyev.

KOREA - NORTH: The Democratic People's Republic of
Korea (DPRK) retains two espionage services, the
Research Department of theKorean Workers Party (KWP)
and the Reconnaissance Bureau of the General Staff
Department of the Korean People's Army (KPA). Until
his death last summer, both answered to KimIl-sung,
who was both general secretary of the KWP and
president of the DPRK. However, since the early 1980s,
actual direction of the Research Department and
Reconnaissance Bureau is believed to have been in the
control of Kim's heir and apparent successor, Kim
Chong-Il, who turned 53 on February 16, 1995.
        In 1978, Kim Chong-Il ordered the kidnapping
from HongKong of South Korea's most popular actress,
Choi En-hui, and a few months later kidnapped her
husband, South Korea'sleading film director, Shin
Sang-ok. After being kept inprison for five years,
they agreed to cooperate with KimChong-il's plan to
revitalize DPRK film industry. Theyplayed their roles
so well that they were permitted to attend a film
festival in Vienna, Austria, in March 1986,and were
able to escape. Among the documentary evidence ofthe
role of Kim Il-sung and Kim Chong-il in their
kidnappingwere their tape recordings of Kim Chong-il's
visits to their home and a photograph he gave to Choi
En-hui of his meetingwith her on the dock minutes
after her captors brought her ashore. In it, Kim is
holding her hand. Her head is bowed and slightly
averted.
 Details of the KWP Research Department's
espionage terrorist operations were provided by Kim
Hyon-hui, after her arrest. Miss Kim and a veteran
Research Departmentoperative, Kim Sung-hui, 70, posed
as a Japanese father and daughter, traveled with their
control officers from Pyongy-ang to Moscow, then to
East Berlin, Budapest and Vienna where they were given
expertly forged Japanese passports,tickets connecting
them to a Korean Airlines flight, a bomb concealed in
a radio and a liquid accelerant disguised as whiskey.
The two left the aircraft in Abu Dhabi but failedto
make connecting flights. After KAL Flight 858
disap-peared, passport checks of those who got off in
Abu Dhabi led to their discovery and arrest. Both
Research Department agents bit on cyanide capsule. The
older agent died, Miss Kim survived. In her
confession, she said that two days before starting out
on this assignment, senior Research Department
officials showed her a hand written authorization for
this attack from Kim Chong-il. She also signed an
oathswearing to carry out her "combat mission" and
"fight to the death for the lofty authority and
prestige of the beloved leader." "Beloved leader" is
the title of Kim Chong-il.
        The incident prompted the State Department to
add theDPRK to its official list of governments
supporting interna-tional terrorism that should be
kept in isolation. That position appears to have been
superseded by the recent bilateral U.S.-DPRK agreement
in Geneva. On February 15,1995, Congress was informed
that the shipment of 50,000 tonsof U.S. oil sent to
North Korea intended to fuel civilian power plants to
replace electricity from the closed down nuclear
reactor at Yongbyon was being converted for military
use; but that the United States had protested.

KOREA - SOUTH: South Korea's foreign intelligence and
security agencieshave earned a reputation for
ruthlessness stemming partlyfrom the fact that the
Republic of Korea (ROK) remains atwar with the DPRK.
The perpetual state of war on a crampedpeninsula where
the ROK capital is only some 40 miles fromthe
Demilitarized Zone and where infiltration for
decadesmade for a society in which the military,
security and intelligence agencies not only directed
policy, but kid-napped political opponents from third
countries and deposedpresidents. Democratization in
South Korea during the 1980sand 1990s appears to have
limited many excesses. Studentradicals still protest
the existence of the National Secu-rity Law.
        KCIA - Korean Central Intelligence Agency, now
the ANSP. Arguably, the most notorious scandal
involving the Korean Central Intelligence Agency
(KCIA), which feared that the post-Vietnam United
States would withdraw U.S. military forces from South
Korea. The KCIA's solution was to set up Tongson Park
as a bribery and influence peddler. The former KCIA
director defected to the United States and gave
detailed testimony to Congress and the courts. Two
former and four serving U.S. Members of Congress were
charged with taking KCIA bribes routed through Tongson
Park. In October 1979, as the KCIA scandal wound down
in Washington, KCIA Director Kim Jae Kyu shot and
killed President General Park Chung Hee, who had ruled
the ROK since his military coup in 1961.
        It is noted that the South Korean YONHAP news
service reported last July that former KCIA officer Bo
Hi Pak, principal deputy of Unification Church Leader
the Reverend Sun Myung Moon and director of the Moon
business empire, went to Pyongyong for six days and
participated in the funeral ceremonies for Kim
Il-sung. Seoul's Choson Ilbo reported that Pak had
sent a message of condolence praising Kim Il-sung
before his visit, that he attended the funeral and
memorial service, laid wreaths at the "Great Leader's"
bier and expressed his "deep condolences" to Kim
Chong-il. In his press statements, Pak said that in
the Pyongyang guest house he was given, the servants,
including two young maids and cook, were weeping over
Kim's death, and added, "My eyes also filled with
tears when I saw the compatriots crying. It was
similar to the sorrow of losing a parent." The ROK
government retaliated by revoking Pak's licence to
publish seven Unification Church publications.
        ANSP - Agency for National Security Planning
[also known by the acronym NSP] - the Republic of
Korea's intelligence agency, headed by Kim Tok. In
September 1994, the ANSP announced its first public
seminar. The topic was "How to Protect Industrial
Secrets." Now, and not coincidentally, the ROK's
intelligence agency makes economic information
gathering its "top priority. The ANSP chief Kim Tok in
a recent report to the Republic of Korea's President
Kim Yong-sam reportedly stated the agency would
emphasize collection of economic, industrial and
environmental data to help South Korean industries
prepare for the "coming era of borderless
competition." Kim Tok added that "information services
for the private sector will be increased to make the
ANSP an intelli- gence agency in which the people have
full trust." President Kim Yong-sam reportedly
responded by expressing his hope that the ANSP would
grow into a "world- level information and intelligence
agency." Kim Tok's address followed earlier reports
that the ANSP is putting more emphasis on collection
of foreign technology. The article noted that despite
a hiring freeze, the agency intends to hire more
science and technology experts and "specialists in
industrial intelligence." Efforts reportedly were
being made to attract individuals with advanced
degrees able to collect and evaluate economic and
industrial intelligence. The paper added the ANSP also
plans to "augment this portion of the personnel it
sends overseas."

LITHUANIA: State Department of Security of Lithuania -
General Director (as of May 1994) was Jurgis Jurgelis,
51, who is the eighth to hold the post [after M.
Laurinkus, D. Arlauskas, V. Zedelis, Z. Vaisvila, B.
Gajauskas, P. Plumpa and K. Mickevicius].

MEXICO: DFS - Federal Security Directorate -
Mexico.DIPD - Intelligence Department of the Federal
District Police - the most important secret police
organization of Mexico.

NICARAGUA: DGSE - Nicaragua's General Directorate of
State Security.

PANAMA: SNI - the intelligence service of Panama,
works closely with the United States.

PAKISTAN: ISI - Inter-Services Intelligence -
Pakistan's all pervasive intelligence service is
controlled by the military. The ISI has assets
throughout the country's leadership sectors -
political, scientific, commercial and religious. It is
responsible for direction and control of the country's
nuclear weapons program and defense buildup, including
clandestine technology acquisitions and for
maintaining cordial relationships with China. During
the Afghanistan war, ISI became a major sub-contractor
of the CIA, managing the operation of Afghan refugee
camps and the training and arming of the mujaheddin.
With hostilities in Afghanistan no longer of interest
to Washington, the ISI lost favor because of its
nuclear program and reported excesses on the Kashmir
border. The ISI recently sought to regain American
favor by cooperating in the arrest of a prime suspect
in the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.
(continued as next chapter)